NINE WEEK
VIDEO:
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Bg3evGhFq3I&feature=player_embedded
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Bg3evGhFq3I&feature=player_embedded
- How is spanking described by Dr. Elizabeth Gershoff? dr . gershoff considers spanking a corpal form of punishment but it doesnt teach children a lesson like the example she used of the child who hit his sister for the toy, the boy wont learn to share he will just do things behind his mothers back.
- What kind of objects can parents use to spank their children? Parents are the most part use the hands to give children a spanking although some use objects but using the hands is the most common.
- How often data says that parents spank their children? data show that 90% of the parents have spanked there children atleast once
- What are the consequences of spanking described by Dr. Gershoff? Spanking once or twice in a lifetime will not cause much harm to the children but if it is continous it may lead to depression, agressive attitude even suicidal thoughts
WEEK 6 TOEFL Reading Test 2
Smart Energy
The next few decades will see great changes in the way energy is supplied and used. In some major oil producing nations, 'peak oil' has already been reached, and there are increasing fears of global warming. Consequently, many countries are focusing on the switch to a low carbon economy. This transition will lead to major changes in the supply and use of electricity. [A] Firstly, there will be an increase in overall demand, as consumers switch from oil and gas to electricity to power their homes and vehicles. [B] Secondly, there will be an increase in power generation, not only in terms of how much is generated, but also how it is generated, as there is growing electricity generation from renewable sources. [C] To meet these challenges, countries are investing in Smart Grid technology. [D] This system aims to provide the electricity industry with a better understanding of power generation and demand, and to use this information to create a more efficient power network.
Smart Grid technology basically involves the application of a computer system to the electricity network. The computer system can be used to collect information about supply and demand and improve engineer's ability to manage the system. With better information about electricity demand, the network will be able to increase the amount of electricity delivered per unit generated, leading to potential reductions in fuel needs and carbon emissions. Moreover, the computer system will assist in reducing operational and maintenance costs.
Smart Grid technology offers benefits to the consumer too. They will be able to collect real-time information on their energy use for each appliance. Varying tariffs throughout the day will give customers the incentive to use appliances at times when supply greatly exceeds demand, leading to great reductions in bills. For example, they may use their washing machines at night. Smart meters can also be connected to the internet or telephone system, allowing customers to switch appliances on or off remotely. Furthermore, if houses are fitted with the apparatus to generate their own power, appliances can be set to run directly from the on-site power source, and any excess can be sold to the grid.
With these changes comes a range of challenges. The first involves managing the supply and demand. Sources of renewable energy, such as wind, wave and solar, are notoriously unpredictable, and nuclear power, which is also set to increase as nations switch to alternative energy sources, is inflexible. With oil and gas, it is relatively simple to increase the supply of energy to match the increasing demand during peak times of the day or year. With alternative sources, this is far more difficult, and may lead to blackouts or system collapse. Potential solutions include investigating new and efficient ways to store energy and encouraging consumers to use electricity at off-peak times.
A second problem is the fact that many renewable power generation sources are located inremote areas, such as windy uplands and coastal regions, where there is currently a lack of electrical infrastructure. New infrastructures therefore must be built. Thankfully, with improved smart technology, this can be done more efficiently by reducing the reinforcement or construction costs.
Although Smart Technology is still in its infancy, pilot schemes to promote and test it are already underway. Consumers are currently testing the new smart meters which can be used in their homes to manage electricity use. There are also a number of demonstrations being planned to show how the smart technology could practically work, and trials are in place to test the new electrical infrastructure. It is likely that technology will be added in 'layers', starting with 'quick win' methods which will provide initial carbon savings, to be followed by more advanced systems at a later date. Cities are prime candidates for investment into smart energy, due to the high population density and high energy use. It is here where Smart Technology is likely to be promoted first, utilising a range of sustainable power sources, transport solutions and an infrastructure for charging electrically powered vehicles. The infrastructure is already changing fast. By the year 2050, changes in the energy supply will have transformed our homes, our roads and our behaviour.
WEEK 3 INDEPENDENT STUDY
1. A: Why are you holding a piece of paper?
B: I (write) am going to write a letter to my friends back home in Texas.
REASON plan
2. A: I'm about to fall asleep. I need to wake up!
B: I (get) 'll get you a cup of coffee. That will wake you up.
REASON voluntary action
3. A: I can't hear the television!
B: I (turn) 'll turn it up so you can hear it.
REASON voluntary action
4. We are so excited about our trip next month to France. We (visit) are going to visit Paris, Nice and Grenoble.
REASON plan
5. Sarah (come) is going to come / 'll come to the party. Oliver (be) is going to be / 'll be there as well.
REASON prediction
6. A: It is so hot in here!
B: I (turn) 'll turn the air conditioning on.
REASON voluntary action
7. I think he (be) is going to be / 'll be the next president of the United States.
REASON prediction
8. After I graduate, I (attend) am going to attend medical school and become a doctor.
REASON plan
9. A: Excuse me, I need to talk to someone about our hotel room. I am afraid it is simply too small for four people.
B: That man at the service counter (help) will help you.
REASON voluntary action
10. As soon as the weather clears up, we (walk) are going to walk down to the beach and go swimming.
REASON plan
2.COMPLETE
1. Today after I (get) get out of class, I (go) am going to go to a movie with some friends.
2. When you (arrive) arrive in Stockholm, call my friend Gustav. He (show) 'll show you around the city and help you get situated.
3. A: Do you know what you want to do after you (graduate) graduate ?
B: After I (receive) receive my Master's from Georgetown University, I (go) am going to go to graduate school at UCSD in San Diego. I (plan) plan to complete a Ph.D. in cognitive science.
4. If it (snow) snows this weekend, we (go) are going to go skiing near Lake Tahoe.
5. Your father (plan) plans to pick you up after school today at 3:00 o'clock. He (meet) is going to meet you across the street near the ice cream shop. If something happens and he cannot be there, I (pick) 'll pick you up instead.
6. If the people of the world (stop, not) do not stop cutting down huge stretches of rain forest, we (experience) are going to experience/ will experience huge changes in the environment during the twenty-first century.
7. If Vera (keep) keeps drinking, she (lose, eventually) is eventually going to lose / 'll eventually lose her job.
8. I promise you that I (tell, not) won't tell your secret to anybody. Even if somebody (ask) asks me about what happened that day, I (reveal, not) won't reveal the truth to a single person.
9. She (make) is going to make some major changes in her life. She (quit) is going to quit her job and go back to school. After she (finish) finishes studying, she (get) is going to get a better paying job and buy a house. She is going to improve her life!
10. Tom (call) is going to call when he (arrive) arrives in Madrid. He (stay) is going to stay with you for two or three days until his new apartment (be) is available.
THIRD WEEK
| 1.1 |
2. Since I began acting, I (perform) have performed in two plays, a television commercial and a TV drama. However, I (speak, never even) had never even spoken publicly before I came to Hollywood in 1985.
3. By the time I got to the office, the meeting (begin, already) had already begun without me. My boss (be) was furious with me and I (fire) was fired. (Passive)
4. When I (turn) turned the radio on yesterday, I (hear) heard a song that was popular when I was in high school. I (hear, not) had not heard the song in years and it (bring) brought back some great memories.
5. Last week, I (run) ran into an exgirlfriend of mine. We (see, not) had not seen each other in years and both of us (change) had changed a great deal. I (enjoy) enjoyed talking to her so much that I (ask) asked her out on a date. We are getting together tonight for dinner.
6. When Jack (enter) entered the room, I (recognize, not) did not recognize him because he (lose) had lost so much weight and (grow) grown a beard. He looked totally different!
7. The Maya established a very advanced civilization in the jungles of the Yucatan; however, their culture (disappear, virtually) had virtually disappeared by the time Europeans first (arrive) arrived in the New World.
8. I (visit) have visited so many beautiful places since I (come) came to Utah. Before moving here, I (hear, never) had never heard of Bryce Canyon, Zion, Arches or Canyonlands.
1.2
1. It is already 9:30 pm and I (wait) have been waiting here for over an hour. If John does not get here in the next five minutes, I am going to leave.
2. I was really angry at John yesterday. By the time he finally arrived, I (wait) had been waiting for over an hour. I almost left without him.
3. Did you hear that Ben was fired last month? He (work) had been working for that import company for more than ten years and he (work) had worked in almost every department. Nobody knew the company like he did.
4. I (see) had seen many pictures of the pyramids before I went to Egypt. Pictures of the monuments are very misleading. The pyramids are actually quite small.
5. Sarah (climb) has climbed the Matterhorn, (sail) sailed (same subject so you do not need to repeat "has") around the world, and (go) gone (same subject so you do not need to repeat "has") on safari in Kenya. She is such an adventurous person.
6. Sarah (climb) had climbed the Matterhorn, (sail) sailed (same subject so you do not need to repeat "had") around the world and (go) gone (same subject so you do not need to repeat "had") on safari in Kenya by the time she turned twenty-five. She (experience) had experienced more by that age than most people do in their entire lives.
7. When Melanie came into the office yesterday, her eyes were red and watery. I think she (cry) had been crying.
Word Formation - Verb - Noun (Week 4)
Your results: You filled in 9 words out of 10 correctly. These are 90%.
1 word wrong. |
Verb Tense Exercise 5 (Week 2)
Verb Tense Exercise 5 |
PART A
All of the following sentences should be completed using the Present Continuous or the Present Perfect Continuous. You must use the words in the parentheses to fill in the blanks.
1. It (rain) has been raining all week. I hope it stops by Saturday because I want to go to the beach.2. A: Where is Gary?
B: He (study, at the library) is at the library studying for his German test on Wednesday. In fact, he (review) has been reviewing for the test every day for the last week.
3. You look really great! (You, exercise) Have you been exercising at the fitness center?
4. Frank, where have you been? We (wait) have been waiting for you since 1 P.M..
5. A: What is that sound?
B: A car alarm (ring) is ringing somewhere down the street. It (drive) is driving me crazy - I wish it would stop! It (ring) has been ringing for more than twenty minutes.
6. Joseph's English (improve, really) is really improving, isn't it. He (watch) has been watching American television programs and (study) studying his grammar every day since he first arrived in San Diego. Soon he will be totally fluent.
7. A: You look a little tired. (You, get) Have you been getting enough sleep lately?
B: Yes, I (sleep) have been sleeping relatively well. I just look tired because I (feel) have been feeling a little sick for the last week.
A: I hope you feel better soon.
B: Thanks. I (take, currently) am currently taking some medicine, so I should feel better in a couple of days.
All of the following sentences should be completed using the Present Perfect or the Present Perfect Continuous . You must use the words in the parentheses to fill in the blanks. Hint: remember Non-continuous Verbs cannot be used in continuous tenses.
1. A: How long (be) have you been in Canada?
B: I (study) have been studying here for more than three years.
2. I (have) have had the same car for more than ten years. I'm thinking about buying a new one.
3. I (love) have loved chocolate since I was a child. You might even call me a "chocoholic".
4. Matt and Sarah (have) have been having some difficulties in their relationship lately, so they (go) have been going to a marriage counselor. I hope they work everything out.
5. John (work) has been working for the government since he graduated from Harvard University. Until recently, he (enjoy) has enjoyed his work, but now he is talking about retiring.
6. Lately, I (think) have been thinking about changing my career because I (become) have become dissatisfied with the conditions at my company.
7. I (see) have been seeing Judy for more than five years and during that time I have (see) have seen many changes in her personality.
Verb Tense Exercise 4 (Week 2)
Verb Tense Exercise 4 |
PART A
All of the following sentences should be completed using the Simple Past or the Present Perfect. You must use the words in the parentheses to fill in the blanks. Hint: remember Non-continuous Verbs cannot be used in any continuous form.
1. A: Did you like the movie "Star Wars"?
B: I don't know. I (see, never) have never seen that movie.
B: I don't know. I (see, never) have never seen that movie.
2. Sam (arrive) arrived in San Diego a week ago.
3. My best friend and I (know) have known each other for over fifteen years.
4. Stinson is a fantastic writer. He (write) has written ten very creative short stories in the last year. One day, he'll be as famous as Hemingway.
5. I (have, not) have not had this much fun since I (be) was a kid.
6. Things (change) have changed a great deal at Coltech, Inc. When we first (start) started working here three years ago, the company (have, only) only had six employees. Since then, we (expand) have expanded to include more than 2000 full-time workers.
7. I (tell) told him to stay on the path while he was hiking, but he (wander) wandered off into the forest and (bite) was bitten by a snake.
8. Listen Donna, I don't care if you (miss) missed the bus this morning. You (be) have been late to work too many times. You are fired!
9. Sam is from Colorado, which is hundreds of miles from the coast, so he (see, never) has never seen the ocean. He should come with us to Miami.
10. How sad! George (dream) dreamed of going to California before died, but he didn't make it. He (see, never) never saw the ocean.
11. In the last hundred years, traveling (become) has become much easier and very comfortable. In the 19th century, it (take) took two or three months to cross North America by covered wagon. The trip (be) was very rough and often dangerous. Things (change) have changed a great deal in the last hundred and fifty years. Now you can fly from New York to Los Angeles in a matter of hours.
12. Jonny, I can't believe how much you (change) have changed since the last time I (see) saw you. You (grow) have grown at least a foot!
13. This tree (plant) was plant by the settlers who (found) founded our city over four hundred years ago.
14. This mountain (climb, never) has never been climbed by anyone. Several mountaineers (try) have tried to reach the top, but nobody (succeed, ever) has ever succeeded. The climb is extremely difficult and many people (die) have died trying to reach the summit.
15. I (visit, never) have never visited Africa, but I (travel) have traveled to South America several times. The last time I (go) went to South America, I (visit) visited Brazil and Peru. I (spend) spent two weeks in the Amazon, (hike) hiked for a week near Machu Picchu, and (fly) flew over the Nazca Lines.
Verb Tense Exercise 3 (Week 2)
PART A
All of the following sentences should be completed using the Simple Past or the Past Continuous. You must use the words in the parentheses to fill in the blanks. Hint: remember Non-continuous Verbs cannot be used in any continuous form.
1. A: What (you, do) were you doing when the accident occurred?
B: I (try) was trying to change a light bulb that had burnt out.
B: I (try) was trying to change a light bulb that had burnt out.
2. After I (find) found the wallet full of money, I (go, immediately) immediately went to the police and (turn) turned it in.
3. The doctor (say) said that Tom (be) was too sick to go to work and that he (need) needed to stay at home for a couple of days.
4. Sebastian (arrive) arrived at Susan's house a little before 9:00 pm, but she (be, not) was not there. She (study, at the library) was at the library studying for her final examination in French.
5. Sandy is in the living room watching television. At this time yesterday, she (watch, also) was also watching television. That's all she ever does!
6. A: I (call) called you last night after dinner, but you (be, not) were not there. Where were you?
B: I (work) was working out at the fitness center.
B: I (work) was working out at the fitness center.
7. When I (walk) walked into the busy office, the secretary (talk) was talking on the phone with a customer, several clerks (work, busily) were busily working at their desks, and two managers (discuss, quietly) were quietly discussing methods to improve customer service.
8. I (watch) was watching a mystery movie on T.V. when the electricity went out. Now I am never going to find out how the movie ends.
9. Sharon (be) was in the room when John (tell) told me what happened, but she didn't hear anything because she (listen, not) was not listening.
10. It's strange that you (call) called because I (think, just) was just thinking about you.
11. The Titanic (cross) was crossing the Atlantic when it (strike) struck an iceberg.
12. When I entered the bazaar, a couple of merchants (bargain, busily) were busily bargaining and (try) trying to sell their goods to naive tourists who (hunt) were hunting for souvenirs. Some young boys (lead) were leading their donkeys through the narrow streets on their way home. A couple of men (argue) were arguing over the price of a leather belt. I (walk) walked over to a man who (sell) was selling fruit and (buy) bought a banana.
13. The firemen (rescue) rescued the old woman who (be) was trapped on the third floor of the burning building.
14. She was so annoying! She (leave, always) was always leaving ) her dirty dishes in the sink. I think she (expect, actually) actually expected me to do them for her.
15. Samantha (live) lived in Berlin for more than two years. In fact, she (live) was living there when the Berlin wall came down.
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